13mosesso article

PREHOSPITAL THERAPY FOR ACUTE CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE:
STATE OF THE ART
Vincent N. Mosesso, Jr., MD, James Dunford, MD, Thomas Blackwell, MD, John K. Griswell, MD vices (EMS) personnel in the future.
accurate diagnosis of CHF. Key words:
left ventricular (LV) filling pressures.
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is
ATHOGENESIS OF APE
Received May 13, 2002, from the University Pennsylvania; the University of California,San Diego Medical Center (JD), San Diego, (JKG), Fort Worth, Texas. Revision receivedAugust 21, 2002; accepted for publication Presented at the Turtle Creek Conference IV, Dallas, Texas, February 27–March 1, 2002.
requests to: Vincent N. Mosesso, Jr., MD, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. e-mail: <mosessovn@ *Reproduced with permission from: Marx J, Hockberger R, Walls R. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice, 5th ed.
prompt relief of respiratory distress.
Field Assessment
another.11 The correct identificationof the precipitating events andthe immediate administration ofappropriate treatment are criticalfor a positive outcome in CHFpatients, because inappropriatetherapy initiated as a result of mis-diagnosis may result in deleteriouseffects. Hoffman and Reynolds10reported that adverse effects weremore common in misdiagnosedpatients. Untoward effects includ-ed 1) respiratory depression (withor without lethargy) in patientswho received morphine; 2)hypotension and bradycardia inpatients who received both mor-phine and nitroglycerin; and 3)arrhythmia associated with hypo-kalemia and hypotension in pa-tients who received furosemide.
ditions, including myocardialischemia, hypertensive crisis, fluidexcess, medication noncompliance,diet, and overexertion, may trigger FIGURE 1. Processes involved in pulmonary edema. Cycle may begin at any point but oncebegun is self-perpetuating. Reprinted with permission from: Sacchetti AD, Harris RH. Acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. What’s the latest in emergency treatment? Postgrad Med.
1998;103:145-66. The McGraw-Hill Companies.
• Hypertension or cardiovascular disease • Ischemic heart disease• Valvular disease • Diet or exercise indiscretions• Signs of pulmonary edema such as • Signs of chronic obstructive pulmonary • End-tidal carbon dioxide trends• Electrocardiogram rhythm and 12-lead if Reduction of LV Preload
• Identify and treat specific etiology • Provide inotropic support when needed • Provide oxygen and ventilatory support • Match receiving facility with needed output to more closely matchinflow from the pulmonary sys- MANAGEMENT OF APE
Nitrates
reduction of LV preload in the field.
It is fast acting, efficient, and easy to Furosemide
Morphine
Combined Drug Therapies
with Nitroglycerin, Furosemide,
and Morphine
Nitroprusside
Reduction of LV Afterload
Nitrates at Higher Doses
Natriuretic Peptides
ACE Inhibitors
Ventilatory Support
Noninvasive Positive
Pressure Ventilation
to increase intra-alveolar pressure.
Brett Kaplan, and Janice Liesch for their edi-torial assistance.
Inotropic Support
MIs) with high-dose nitrate thera-py (10% MIs) (p = 0.006).63 Very dif- CONSENSUS
PRESENTATION
The consensus of the group
I Asymptomatic
II Mild Symptoms
III Moderate
Symptoms
IV Severe
Symptoms
*Treatment at each level should consider the lowest dose applicable; SL = sublingual; MDI = metered-dose inhaler; SBP = systolic blood pressure; IV = intravenous;ECG = electrocardiogram; ETI = endotracheal intubation; NIPPV = noninvasive passive pressure ventilation.
REATMENT OPTIONS
lines for the Evaluation and Manage-ment of Heart Failure). J Am Coll ONCLUSION
ment. Eur J Heart Fail. 2002; 4:227-34.
Herlitz J. Has an intensified treatment in severe left heart failure improved the out- come? Eur J Emerg Med. 2000;7:15-24.
6. Bertini G, Giglioli C, Biggeri A, et al.
edema. Ann Emerg Med. 1997;30:493-9.
edema. Cardiol Clin. 1984;2:183-200.
8. Marx J, Hockberger R, Walls R. Rosen’s Clinical Practice, 5th ed. St. Louis, MO: 9. Cecil RL, Bennett JC, Goldman L. Cecil phia, PA: W. B. Saunders Company, 1999.
10. Hoffman JR, Reynolds S. Comparison of 12. Sacchetti AD, Harris RH. Acute cardio- Pulmonary edema: new insight onpathogenesis and treatment. Curr Opin References
1. Croft JB, Giles WH, Pollard RA, Keenan patient with dyspnea. J Gen Intern Med.
16. Little B, Ho KJ, Scott L. Electrocardio- gram and rhythm strip interpretation byfinal year medical students. Ulster Med population. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:505-10.
3. Hunt SA, Baker DW, Chin MH, et al.
diagnosis of heart failure. N Engl J Med.
2002:347:161-7.
ACC/AHA guidelines for the evalua-tion and management of chronic heart 18. Maisel A. B-type natriuretic peptide in failure in the adult: executive summary.
gestive heart failure. Cardiol Clin.
source present logistical obstacles.
33. Hamilton RJ, Carter WA, Gallagher EJ.
itive pressure ventilation in status asth- et al. Utility of B-type natriuretic pep- tide in the diagnosis of congestive heart pril. Acad Emerg Med. 1996;3:205-12.
49. Pennock BE, Crashaw L, Kaplan PD.
Maisel A. Utility of a rapid B-natriuretic acute respiratory failure: institution of a 35. Langes K, Siebels J, Kuck KH. Efficacy congestive heart failure. Curr Ther Res.
21. Tabbibizar R, Maisel A. The impact of B- 36. Annane D, Bellissant E, Pussard E, et al.
tive heart failure. Curr Opin Cardiol.
with congestive heart failure. Chest.
22. Lee SC, Stevens TL, Sandberg SM, et al.
37. Podbregar M, Voga G, Horvat M, et al.
treatment of heart failure. J Card Fail.
with acute refractory decompensation.
52. Pollack C Jr, Torres MT, Alexander L.
38. Colucci WS. Nesiritide for the treatment practice in the treatment of heart failure.
support in the emergency department.
respiratory failure. Am Rev Respir Dis.
53. Kosowsky JM, Storrow AB, Carleton SC.
and tolerance. Eur J Clin Pharmacol.
40. Colice GL, Stukel TA, Dain B. Laryngeal complications of prolonged intubation.
41. Craven DE, Steger KA. Epidemiology of 54. Rasanen J, Heikkila J, Downs J, Nikki P, and adaptations in congestive heart fail- 55. Lin M, Chiang HT. The efficacy of early 27. Cotter G, Metzkor E, Kaluski E, et al.
43. Meduri GU, Turner RE, Abou-Shala N.
56. Takeda S, Nejima J, Takano T, et al.
for acute heart failure? Lancet. 1996;347: ventilation in acute respiratory failure.
60. Mehta S, Jay GD, Woolard RH, et al.
trial of BiPAP in severe acute congestive 61. Antonelli M, Conti G, Rocco M, et al. A 63. Sharon A, Shpirer I, Kaluski E, et al.
of-hospital patients. Acad Emerg Med.
trate is safer and better than Bi-PAP ven- 66. Wilkes MS, Middlekauff H, Hoffman JR.
acute respiratory failure. N Engl J Med.
treatment for severe pulmonary edema.
Heart failure: Part II. West J Med. 1999; 62. Masip J, Betbese AJ, Paez J, et al. Non-

Source: http://www.reepl.ru/_user_files/PrehospTherACHF.pdf

Microsoft word - curriculum dra redruello.doc

Currículum Resumido Dra. Marcela Redruello Títulos Médico, otorgado por la Universidad de Buenos Aires el 22 de diciembre de 1989. Títulos de posgrado - Médico Especialista en Cardiología, recibida el 21 de diciembre de 1993 Otorgado por la Universidad Católica Argentina - Médico Especialista en Medicina Nuclear. Recibida en noviembre de 1998. Otorgado por la Universidad d

Therapy poster - incontinence in aged care.pub

SUGGESTIONS TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF RESIDENTS TYPES OF INCONTINENCE DIET AND TOILETING HABITS Incontinence can either be urinary of faecal. The bladder can hold between 1½ – 2½ cups of urine (300-400mls). On average a person should wee about 5-Urinary incontinence affects over a third of the total population and women > men at a 8x/day (over

© 2010-2018 PDF pharmacy articles